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Thyroid disorders in infertile women.

K Poppe1, B Velkeniers

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Free University Brussels (AZ-VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels-Belgium.

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|April 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Infertile women, particularly those with endometriosis, show a higher prevalence of thyroid antibodies. Screening for thyroid autoimmunity is recommended for women with endometriosis due to its association with infertility.

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Impact of thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women on live birth rate after IUI.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2017

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones significantly impact reproductive health, with both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism linked to menstrual irregularities and reduced fertility.
  • Women experiencing reproductive failure exhibit a higher incidence of organ-specific autoimmunity compared to fertile individuals.
  • The interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and infertility requires further investigation, particularly concerning specific causes of infertility and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if infertile women have an increased prevalence of thyroid antibodies.
  • To ascertain if thyroid antibodies are associated with specific infertility causes.
  • To evaluate the influence of thyroid antibodies on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted involving 438 women from infertile couples and 100 age-matched parous controls.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity (thyroid peroxidase antibodies - TPO-Abs) and thyroid function tests were assessed.
  • Infertility causes were categorized as female (endometriosis, tubal disease, ovarian dysfunction), male, or idiopathic.

Main Results:

  • Women with infertility had significantly higher mean serum TSH levels compared to controls.
  • While not statistically significant overall, positive TPO-Abs were more frequent in infertile women (14% vs. 8%).
  • A significant increase in positive TPO-Abs was observed in women with female infertility causes (18% vs. 8%), particularly those with endometriosis (29%). Endometriosis increased the relative risk for associated thyroid autoimmunity by 2.3.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity is more prevalent in women with infertility, especially when linked to endometriosis.
  • The findings suggest a potential screening recommendation for thyroid auto-antibodies in women diagnosed with endometriosis.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the impact of thyroid antibodies on IVF outcomes.

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