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Pulmonary function in patients with diabetes mellitus.

C K Sreeja1, Elizabeth Samuel, C Kesavachandran

  • 1School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala.

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|April 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Lung function tests reveal reduced expiratory flow rates in patients using oral diabetes medication or insulin. Both treatments negatively impact lung capacity, with oral medications potentially causing more significant respiratory issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition requiring long-term management.
  • Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin are common therapeutic strategies.
  • Potential systemic effects of diabetes treatments on other organs, including the lungs, warrant investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare lung function parameters in patients with diabetes treated with oral medications versus insulin.
  • To identify specific pulmonary changes associated with each treatment modality.
  • To establish a baseline for understanding the respiratory impact of diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving three groups: oral medication users (Group I, n=20), insulin users (Group II, n=20), and age/height-matched healthy controls (n=40).

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  • All male subjects were included, with treatment durations ranging from 10-30 years.
  • Spirometry (Vitallograph Compact II) was used to assess lung function, including forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) and forced expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%).

    • Main Results:

    • A significant reduction in FEV1/FVC% was observed in both oral medication and insulin groups compared to controls.
    • Group I (oral medication) showed a significant decrease in FEF25-75% compared to controls.
    • Group II (insulin) exhibited a significant increase in forced mid flow time (FMFT) compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Both oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy are associated with reduced expiratory flow rates in diabetic patients.
    • Oral medications may lead to decreased FEF25-75%, potentially due to respiratory side effects.
    • Increased FMFT in insulin-treated patients suggests altered respiratory mechanics, possibly linked to long-term treatment effects.