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Related Experiment Videos

Spring wheat leaf appearance and temperature: extending the paradigm?

Gregory S McMaster1, W W Wilhelm, D B Palic

  • 1USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research, 301 S. Howes St, Room 353, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Greg.McMaster@ars.usda.gov

Annals of Botany
|April 26, 2003
PubMed
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Soil temperature, not air temperature, influences wheat phyllochron. Heating soil did not accelerate leaf appearance, suggesting temperature

Area of Science:

  • Agronomy
  • Plant Physiology
  • Crop Science

Background:

  • Temperature is a primary factor controlling the phyllochron (leaf appearance rate) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
  • Soil temperature at crown depth is hypothesized to be a better predictor of wheat leaf appearance rates than air temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that soil temperature at crown depth better predicts wheat leaf appearance rates.
  • To investigate the effect of elevated soil temperature on wheat phyllochron.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-year field experiment was conducted on spring wheat ('Nordic') with three planting dates and two soil temperature treatments (+0C ambient and +3C heated).
  • Leaf appearance was monitored weekly by measuring cumulative leaf number on the main stem until flag leaf emergence.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Growing degree-days (GDD) were calculated using both air and soil temperatures.

    • Main Results:

    • Leaf appearance showed a linear relationship with both air and soil GDD.
    • A stronger linear relationship was observed between leaf appearance and soil GDD in ambient soil temperature (+0C) plants compared to heated soil (+3C) plants.
    • Unexpectedly, soil heating did not increase the rate of leaf appearance.

    Conclusions:

    • The paradigm predicting leaf appearance solely based on temperature at crown depth needs refinement.
    • Leaf development involves cell division (temperature-sensitive) and cell expansion (affected by other factors), explaining why temperature alone is insufficient.
    • The vertical distribution of meristems and cell expansion zones across varying temperatures complicates direct prediction from a single temperature point.