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Standards of the in vitro mutation frequency study and the antimicrobial activity study in gut
Tsugiaki Fukuyasu1, Shizunobu Igimi, Koji Uchida
1Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan.
Abstract:
In view of the recent rapid increase in incidence of infection with antimicrobial resistant bacteria in human medicine, there is international controversy as to the medical risk that is created by transfer of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes, which may be produced through the processes of administration of antimicrobials to food-producing animals, via the food chain. Accordingly, International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) provides the comprehensive guidelines for characterizing selection of antimicrobial resistance by bacteria which may adversely affect human health in order to establish the system of registry of antimicrobial drugs to be administered to food- producing animals. Currently, Japanese Society of Antimicrobials for Animals recognizes the lack of technical test standards in compliance with VICH guidelines in the world and has established the test standards for "in vitro mutation frequency studies" to evaluate the appearance frequency and resistant level of resistant bacteria and those for studies on the "antimicrobial activity in gut" to estimate the effects on intestinal flora from professional aspects.
Insights
Antimicrobial resistance in food animals poses a human health risk. New Japanese standards address antimicrobial resistance testing for veterinary drugs to protect public health.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
- International concern regarding the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from food-producing animals to humans via the food chain.
- Need for standardized methods to assess antimicrobial resistance risks associated with veterinary medicinal products.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address the lack of standardized technical test methods compliant with International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) guidelines.
- To establish test standards for evaluating antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with food-producing animals.
- To contribute to a registry system for antimicrobial drugs used in food-producing animals.
Main Methods:
- Development of "in vitro mutation frequency studies" to assess the emergence and level of resistance in bacteria.
- Establishment of studies on "antimicrobial activity in gut" to evaluate effects on intestinal flora.
- Adherence to VICH guidelines for characterizing antimicrobial resistance selection.
Main Results:
- Established novel technical test standards for "in vitro mutation frequency studies".
- Developed standards for "antimicrobial activity in gut" studies.
- These standards aim to comply with international VICH guidelines.
Conclusions:
- The Japanese Society of Antimicrobials for Animals has created essential test standards to evaluate antimicrobial resistance.
- These standards are crucial for assessing the risks posed by veterinary antimicrobials and ensuring food safety.
- Implementation of these standards supports international efforts to control antimicrobial resistance.