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Related Experiment Videos

Are facial expressions reproducible?

D J Johnston1, D T Millett, A F Ayoub

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, Scotland, United Kingdom.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|May 8, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Facial expression reproducibility was high under standardized conditions, with minimal variation between sessions. Reproducibility varied by expression and was better in females for maximal smiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Biometrics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Facial Expression Analysis

Background:

  • Facial expressions are crucial for non-verbal communication.
  • Accurate and reproducible facial expression capture is vital for research and applications.
  • Understanding the variability in facial expression reproducibility is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the reproducibility of five distinct facial expressions.
  • To assess both intrasession and intersession reproducibility.
  • To identify factors influencing facial expression reproducibility.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy adults performed five facial expressions, captured by a 3D camera system.
  • Expressions were repeated within and across two sessions separated by two weeks.

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  • Partial ordinary Procrustes analysis and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • High intrasession reproducibility was observed, with rest position being most reproducible (0.74 mm) and cheek puff least (1.12 mm).
    • Reproducibility was expression-specific, with minimal differences between sessions.
    • Females showed significantly better reproducibility for maximal smiles than males.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized conditions yield high facial expression reproducibility within a session.
    • Inter-session variation in expression reproducibility is minimal.
    • Expression reproducibility is influenced by the specific expression and sex.