Complications and untoward effects of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure

To report our experience with our first 350 cases of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), specifically assessing intraoperative complications, postoperative morbidity, and untoward effects of the procedure.

Although increased numbers of reports have documented the efficacy of the TVT procedure, there are minimal data about the incidence of complications and how they are managed. We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing the TVT procedure over a 4-year period to report intraoperative complications (bladder perforation and excessive bleeding), postoperative complications (de novo urge incontinence, voiding dysfunction, erosion, nerve injury, urinary retention, hematoma formation), and incidence of reoperation either for voiding dysfunction or for recurrent incontinence.

A total of 350 patients were included in the study. Fifty-five percent (194) of women underwent the TVT procedure in conjunction with other vaginal surgery, and 45% (156) underwent the TVT alone. Seventy women (20%) had previous antiincontinence surgery. Intraoperative complications included 19 bladder perforations in 17 patients (4.9%) and three cases of significant bleeding (0.9%). Postoperatively, 17 women (4.9%) had voiding dysfunction and 42 (12%) required anticholinergic therapy beyond 6 weeks. Recurrent urinary tract infections developed in 38 (10.9%), erosion or poor healing in three (0.9%), hematoma in six (1.7%), and nerve injury in three (0.9%). Twenty-eight (8%) underwent urethral dilation in the postoperative period for varied amounts of voiding dysfunction. Of these, 82% were either improved or were cured. Six women (1.7%) underwent a takedown of the TVT procedure for continued voiding dysfunction, and two of these (33%) developed recurrent stress incontinence. To date, two patients (0.5%) have undergone another procedure for recurrent or persistent stress incontinence.

The TVT procedure is efficacious for the correction of stress incontinence. Our data show that it is a safe procedure with an acceptable complication rate when performed by surgeons who have experience with retropubic and transvaginal antiincontinence procedures.