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Related Experiment Videos

US of the peritoneum.

Anthony E Hanbidge1, Deirdre Lynch, Stephanie R Wilson

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|May 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound (US) is crucial for diagnosing peritoneal diseases by examining key anatomical areas. It quantifies ascites and detects peritoneal abnormalities, with transvaginal scanning enhancing sensitivity in women.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Understanding peritoneal disease pathophysiology is essential for effective ultrasound (US) examination.
  • Specific anatomical regions like the pouch of Douglas, diaphragmatic surfaces, paracolic gutters, mesentery, and omentum require thorough US assessment in at-risk patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline optimal ultrasound techniques for evaluating the entire peritoneum.
  • To highlight the capability of US in quantifying ascites and inferring qualitative information about its contents.
  • To emphasize the role of US in detecting peritoneal nodules, plaques, and thickening.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing appropriate transducers for varying depths of peritoneal regions.
  • Employing gray-scale US to identify particulate ascites, indicative of blood, pus, or neoplastic cells.

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  • Incorporating high-frequency probes for enhanced detection of peritoneal surface abnormalities.
  • Integrating transvaginal ultrasound in women to increase sensitivity for peritoneal disease detection, especially in cases of unexplained sepsis or suspected carcinomatosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Ultrasound can accurately quantify intraperitoneal fluid (ascites).
    • US can qualitatively differentiate ascites content (blood, pus, neoplastic cells).
    • Peritoneal nodules, plaques, and thickening are detectable with US, particularly with high-frequency probes.
    • Transvaginal US significantly improves the detection rate of peritoneal disease in women.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for diagnosing peritoneal diseases, offering both quantitative and qualitative assessments.
    • Optimal US technique involves comprehensive scanning of all peritoneal regions with appropriate transducer selection.
    • Transvaginal ultrasound is a valuable addition to abdominal and pelvic US for detecting peritoneal disease in women.
    • Characteristic US appearances exist for conditions such as peritoneal carcinomatosis, primary peritoneal neoplasms, pseudomyxoma peritonei, and peritonitis.