Rheumatic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus

Since July 1983, various rheumatic, musculoskeletal, or other immune disorders characterized by dysregulation have been associated with HIV and AIDS. Infections occur, but with a lower frequency than expected in a patient population with a disorder primarily characterized by significant cellular immune deficiencies. Reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, acute nonspecific arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and inflammatory myositis have been reported. The initial reports of "acute painful joints," however, have not maintained prominence in the literature. A review of the literature over the past several years has reinforced the perception that the initial excitement over a possible association between HIV and AIDS and rheumatic or definable autoimmune disorders remains limited to a small segment of illnesses dominated by the reactive arthritidies.