Constitutive laws and failure models for compact bones subjected to dynamic loading.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Materials Science
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Fibrous biological tissues, including bones and ligaments, possess hierarchical ultra- and macro-structures.
• Understanding the failure mechanisms of these tissues under dynamic loading is crucial for injury prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a computational model for analyzing the failure of fibrous structures subjected to dynamic loads.
• To investigate failure as a loss of cohesion between constituent fibers.
• To explore the influence of model parameters on the failure process in a lamellar bone structure.

Main Methods:

• A computational model was developed based on the lamellar structure of compact bone, incorporating fibers oriented at 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
• The model simulates failure through the loss of cohesion between fibers.
• Least squares resolution was employed to derive a phenomenological model for the lamellar structure.

Main Results:

• Bone porosity and the joint stress force at failure were identified as the most significant parameters influencing the failure process.
• The developed phenomenological model effectively captures the behavior of the lamellar structure.
• Numerical simulations demonstrated good agreement with experimental results.

Conclusions:

• The developed model provides a valuable tool for studying the dynamic failure of fibrous biological tissues.
• The findings highlight the critical role of bone porosity and stress force in tissue failure.
• This research contributes to a better understanding of bone mechanics and injury mechanisms.