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Breakthrough measuring neighborhoods.

Nikolaus Bezruczko1

  • 11524 E. 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. nbezruczko@msn.com

Journal of Applied Measurement
|May 16, 2003
PubMed
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This study introduces a new method to measure neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage using Rasch model rating scale parameters. This approach reveals many Chicago neighborhoods are significantly more disadvantaged than official poverty thresholds suggest.

Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Quantitative Psychology
  • Urban Studies

Background:

  • Traditional socioeconomic indices often use ordinal data, limiting measurement precision.
  • Measuring neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage requires robust, scalable methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an empirical strategy for transforming ordinal count and percentage data into interval scale measures.
  • To apply this strategy to assess socioeconomic disadvantage in Chicago neighborhoods using census data.

Main Methods:

  • Recoding ordinal data into ordered categories.
  • Estimating Rasch model rating scale parameters.
  • Applying the strategy to 77 Chicago neighborhoods using 1980 and 1990 census data.

Main Results:

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  • Demonstrated sound model fit and satisfactory scale invariance between 1980 and 1990.
  • Identified that many Chicago neighborhoods exhibit socioeconomic disadvantage four times greater than the U.S. poverty threshold.
  • Validated the scale structure against sociological expectations regarding property values, income, and race.

Conclusions:

  • The Rasch model strategy offers a superior method for measuring neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage compared to conventional categorical indices.
  • This approach provides neighborhood measurement on a linear scale, enhancing analytical capabilities.
  • The findings highlight significant levels of socioeconomic disadvantage in urban areas, often underestimated by traditional metrics.