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Coccidioidomycosis.

Tom M Chiller1, John N Galgiani, David A Stevens

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128-2699, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|May 20, 2003
PubMed
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Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection endemic to the Western Hemisphere, is caused by Coccidioides. This article reviews its prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology and Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Mycology
  • Fungal Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Coccidioides species are endemic fungi in arid regions of the Western Hemisphere.
  • Coccidioidomycosis is a significant public health concern in endemic areas.
  • Understanding the fungus is crucial for effective disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of coccidioidomycosis.
  • To examine the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and host immune responses.
  • To detail clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis.
  • Synthesis of information on prevalence and geographical distribution.

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  • Analysis of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Coccidioides prevalence varies across endemic regions.
    • Pathogenesis involves inhalation of arthroconidia and host immune response.
    • Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe disseminated disease.
    • Diagnosis relies on serological tests, culture, and molecular methods.
    • Treatment depends on disease severity, including antifungal therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Coccidioidomycosis requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Continued research is needed to improve prevention and treatment strategies.
    • Public health awareness and early diagnosis are critical in endemic zones.