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Factors influencing language development in preterm infants.

Regina M Cusson1

  • 1Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Program, University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, Storrs 06269, USA. regina.cusson@uconn.edu

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN
|May 31, 2003
PubMed
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Preterm infants often experience language delays. However, maternal sensitivity can enhance their language development, highlighting the role of nursing interventions in supporting early communication skills.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Nursing

Background:

  • Preterm infants face significant risks for developmental challenges, particularly in language acquisition.
  • Early language development is crucial for overall cognitive and social-emotional growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors impacting language development in preterm infants.
  • To identify key predictors of language outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 43 preterm infants (birth weight < 2,000 g, gestation < 36 weeks) and their mothers.
  • Infant development and language were assessed at 7, 13, and 26 months corrected age using standardized scales.
  • Maternal sensitivity and infant regulatory behaviors were also evaluated.

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Main Results:

  • While overall infant development normalized by 26 months corrected age, expressive and receptive language skills showed average delays of 3 to 5 months.
  • Factors such as hospital stay duration, birth weight, Apgar scores, infant irritability, state regulation at discharge, and maternal sensitivity influenced language outcomes.
  • Maternal sensitivity demonstrated a positive association with improved infant language development.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants are at high risk for delayed language development.
  • Enhancing maternal sensitivity is a critical nursing intervention to promote better language outcomes in preterm infants.
  • Nurses play a vital role in educating and supporting mothers to foster sensitive caregiving practices.