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Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
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Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
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Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience01:18

Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience

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Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
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Nursing Evaluation01:15

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The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
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Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Protecting Self-Esteem01:27

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Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
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Breastfeeding Self-efficacy: A Critical Review of Available Instruments.

Emily L Tuthill1, Jacqueline M McGrath2, Melanie Graber3

  • 1University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, CT, USA Center for Health Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA emily.tuthill@uconn.edu.

Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy is crucial for increasing rates. This review identifies and compares six instruments, aiding researchers in selecting the best tool to understand breastfeeding behaviors.

Keywords:
affective instrumentsbreastfeedinghuman milkinstrumentsmeasurementpsychometric testingreviewself-efficacysurvey

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Increasing breastfeeding rates is a US national priority, yet current rates remain below targets.
  • Breastfeeding self-efficacy strongly predicts initiation and duration, making its measurement vital.
  • A wide variety of instruments exist for measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy, complicating selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify, compare, and critically review available breastfeeding self-efficacy instruments.
  • To analyze the purpose, theoretical framework, development, and application of existing instruments.
  • To guide researchers in selecting appropriate measures for studying breastfeeding behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant breastfeeding self-efficacy instruments.
  • Six instruments were identified and analyzed for their theoretical underpinnings and psychometric properties.
  • The application of these instruments in recent research settings was also examined.

Main Results:

  • Six breastfeeding self-efficacy instruments were identified, commonly utilizing Bandura's social cognitive theory.
  • Most instruments demonstrated strong content, construct, and predictive validity.
  • Adaptability to novel settings varied among the reviewed instruments.

Conclusions:

  • Several validated breastfeeding self-efficacy instruments are available for research use.
  • Appropriate instrument selection is critical for accurate understanding of breastfeeding rates and intervention effects.
  • Considerations for selection include primary interest domains, time, timing, and prior adaptations.