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Variation between pathogenic serovars within Salmonella pathogenicity islands.

P Amavisit1, D Lightfoot, G F Browning

  • 1Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Bacteriology
|May 31, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) show significant variation across serovars, with major insertions and deletions in SPI-1, SPI-3, and SPI-5. These changes, driven by horizontal gene transfer, likely contribute to Salmonella

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) are critical for virulence, but their detailed characterization across diverse pathogenic serovars of Salmonella enterica is limited.
  • Understanding variations in SPIs, such as deletions and insertions, is crucial for explaining differences in virulence and the evolutionary dynamics of Salmonella.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the five Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) in a range of pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovars.
  • To identify major deletions or insertions within SPIs that may correlate with variations in virulence.
  • To gain insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping these crucial virulence regions.

Main Methods:

  • Southern blot hybridization was employed to compare multiple strains from 13 pathogenic Salmonella serovars against probes covering all five SPIs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Variant regions identified through hybridization were further analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), restriction endonuclease digestion, and DNA sequencing.
  • Comparative genomic analysis focused on identifying significant insertions or deletions within specific SPIs.

    • Main Results:

    • Most serovars exhibited identical SPIs, with variations primarily observed when compared to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (SPI-1 to SPI-4) and Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (SPI-5).
    • Major differences were identified in SPI-1 (avrA gene replacement), SPI-5 (insertion similar to pagJ and pagK genes), and SPI-3 (deletion of sugR and rhuM genes, sometimes replaced by E. coli sequences).
    • These variations were often associated with insertion sequences and retron phages, suggesting recent horizontal gene transfer events.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant structural variations exist within Salmonella pathogenicity islands across different pathogenic serovars.
    • Horizontal gene transfer, mediated by elements like insertion sequences and retron phages, plays a key role in the ongoing evolution of Salmonella SPIs.
    • These genomic alterations likely contribute to the diverse virulence profiles observed among Salmonella serovars.