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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.

Marcos Malumbres1, Mariano Barbacid

  • 1Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain. marcos.malumbres@cnio.es

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|June 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

RAS genes are crucial in signal transduction and cancer. Decades of research have yielded significant knowledge, paving the way for understanding RAS biology and developing targeted cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular oncology
  • Signal transduction pathways
  • Genetics and genomics

Background:

  • RAS genes have been central to understanding cell signaling since their discovery.
  • Their role in human cancer has been a major focus of research for over 30 years.
  • The post-genomic era offers new tools to study RAS gene function.

Observation:

  • Despite extensive research, a complete understanding of RAS gene function and dysfunction in human cancer remains elusive.
  • Significant knowledge has accumulated over three decades of study.
  • RAS genes are key regulators of cellular processes.

Findings:

  • Accumulated knowledge provides a strong foundation for future research.
  • Outstanding questions in RAS biology are being addressed.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

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  • The study of RAS genes is at the forefront of molecular oncology.

    • Implications:

    • Future research will likely solve outstanding issues regarding RAS biology.
    • This knowledge is expected to lead to the development of effective anti-cancer drugs.
    • Targeting RAS pathways holds promise for significant improvements in cancer treatment outcomes.