Nonuniform dynamic gratings in photorefractive media with nonlocal response

The amplitude of the phase dynamic grating is a nonuniform space distributed in photorefractive crystals with nonlocal response as a result of energy transfer between the interacted waves. The dynamical process of grating formation in the case of transmission two- and four-wave mixing is described by the damped sine-Gordon equation that governs the soliton propagation. A stationary soliton solution for the grating amplitude profile was obtained. Experiments on observation of a nonuniform distribution of the grating amplitude through the crystal volume are presented. It is experimentally shown that the changes of the grating amplitude profile in dependence of input intensity ratio match the solutions of the damped sine-Gordon equation in steady state. The diffraction efficiency of energy transfer is determined by the value of the integral under the grating amplitude profile. The soliton profile is altered with changing input intensity ratio of recorded beams. It provides the effect of diffraction efficiency management by changing the half-width and the position of the soliton. The theory predicts a multisoliton behavior in reversible media with strong amplification gain that leads to auto-oscillations of output wave intensities.