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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

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Published on: November 19, 2012

Brain plasticity in paediatric neurology.

Michael V Johnston1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. johnston@kennedykrieger.org

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
|June 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Brain plasticity, the ability to learn and recover, relies on molecular signaling pathways. Understanding these pathways is key to treating neurological disorders like Fragile X syndrome and epilepsy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Neurology

Background:

  • Brain plasticity enables learning, memory, and recovery from injury.
  • Key mechanisms include activity-dependent neuronal refinement and synaptic plasticity.
  • Molecular signaling pathways regulate neuronal structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying brain plasticity.
  • To identify the role of plasticity pathways in neurological disorders.
  • To inform potential therapeutic strategies for brain injury and developmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular signaling cascades involved in synaptic plasticity.
  • Analysis of genetic and acquired neurological disorders affecting plasticity pathways.
  • Examination of the role of excitatory glutamate receptors in plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Signaling cascades transmit information from synapses to the nucleus and cytoskeleton.
  • Disruptions in plasticity pathways are implicated in neurofibromatosis-1, Fragile X, Rett syndrome, and mental retardation.
  • Acquired conditions like hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, lead poisoning, and epilepsy also affect these pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Plasticity pathways are fundamental to brain function and development.
  • Lesions in these pathways contribute to various pediatric and acquired neurological disorders.
  • Understanding plasticity pathways offers insights into pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets.