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Updated: Sep 25, 2026

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice
07:09

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice

Published on: September 8, 2011

Docosahexaenoic acid selectively augments muscarinic stimulation of epithelial Cl- secretion

Isabel Calvo Del Castillo1, Juan G Alvarez, Steven D Freedman

  • 1Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|June 6, 2003
PubMed
Abstract

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
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The direct-acting...
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