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Alemtuzumab.
James E Frampton1, Antona J Wagstaff
1Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz
Drugs
|June 7, 2003
Summary
Alemtuzumab shows significant efficacy in treating B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. This monoclonal antibody is effective alone or in combination therapies, with manageable side effects.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD52 on lymphocytes and monocytes.
- It has been investigated for various hematological malignancies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia.
- To assess alemtuzumab's role in conditioning regimens for stem cell transplantation.
Main Methods:
- Noncomparative phase I/II studies involving intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration of alemtuzumab.
- Combination therapy with alemtuzumab and fludarabine was assessed.
- Studies included patients with relapsed/refractory B-CLL and chemotherapy-resistant T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia.
Main Results:
- Objective response (OR) rates for alemtuzumab in B-CLL ranged from 21-59% (alone) and over 80% (with fludarabine).
- Around 90% OR rates were achieved in previously untreated B-CLL with SC alemtuzumab or IV combination therapy.
- OR rates of 24-76% were reported for alemtuzumab in T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia.
Conclusions:
- Alemtuzumab demonstrates significant activity in B-CLL and T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia.
- It is a valuable component of novel conditioning regimens for stem cell transplantation.
- Adverse events are manageable with appropriate prophylaxis and supportive care.