[Performance of bio-ceramic reactor at low temperature]

A bio-ceramic reactor for slightly polluted source water from Guanting Reservoir in Beijing was conducted at low temperature. It was shown that the removal rate of CODMn and NH4(+)-N decreased from 20% to 6%, 90% to 65% respectively when the temperature fell from 10 degrees C to 0.5 degree C. The main factor affecting the efficiency of bio-ceramic reactor was the microbial activity which decreased more than the biomass when the temperature dropped. Microbial activity and biomass in the bio-ceramic reactor were in a regular pattern of gradient distribution from the lower to the upper along the direction of raw water flow.