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Poxviruses as vaccine vectors.

P-P Pastoret¹, A Vanderplasschen

¹Compton Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, RG20 7NN, Berks, UK. paul-pierre.pastoret@bbsrc.ac.uk

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

|June 24, 2003

Summary

The discovery of immunology paved the way for smallpox eradication. Vaccinia virus, a key tool in this success, continues to be vital for developing new vaccines and combating bioterrorism threats.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Biotechnology

Background:

The foundation of immunology was laid by Jenner's discovery in 1798, leading to smallpox eradication in 1980.
Despite smallpox eradication, vaccinia virus (a poxvirus) experienced a surge in interest during the 1980s.
Renewed interest in vaccinia virus is also driven by concerns over bioterrorism.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the applications of recombinant vaccinia viruses in research and vaccinology.
To highlight the development of vectored vaccines utilizing vaccinia virus.
To discuss the potential of alternative poxvirus vectors, such as avipox viruses, as safer vaccine platforms.

Main Methods:

Application of molecular genetics to clone and express foreign genes in recombinant vaccinia viruses.
Development and testing of recombinant vaccinia rabies vaccine for rabies elimination.
Evaluation of avipox viruses as non-replicating vectors in non-avian species.

Main Results:

Recombinant vaccinia viruses have demonstrated multiple applications in research and vaccinology.
The recombinant vaccinia rabies vaccine has been successful in eliminating rabies in Western Europe and the United States.
Avipox viruses have proven to be safe and efficacious non-replicating vectors for use in non-avian species.

Conclusions:

Vaccinia virus remains a significant tool in immunology and vaccinology, with ongoing applications in research and public health.
Recombinant poxviruses, including vaccinia and avipox viruses, offer promising platforms for developing novel vaccines and addressing emerging health threats.
The use of safer, non-replicating poxvirus vectors like avipox viruses represents a significant advancement in vaccine technology.

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