Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty by a retroperitoneal approach in children

To report our experience with dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty by a retroperitoneal approach in children with pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction.

Between 1999 and 2002, retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty was attempted in 21 children (one bilateral; mean age 8 years, range 1.7-17). In a flank position with four ports (one of 5 or 10 mm and three of 3 mm), the PUJ was resected and the anastomosis made using 6/0 absorbable sutures. Any redundant renal pelvis was reduced when needed. A JJ stent was inserted in all patients.

The procedure could not be completed by laparoscopy in four patients, the main reason being difficulty in completing the anastomosis; in the other 18 patients the procedure was successful. An aberrant crossing vessel was found in nine patients and dismembered pyeloplasty enabled ureteric transposition in all, with no conversion. The mean (range) operative duration was 228 (170-300) min and the mean hospital stay 2.5 (2-4) days. In three patients the JJ stents were not in the bladder at the time of removal by cystoscopy, and ureteroscopy was used to retrieve them. All children returned to full activities within 7 days of surgery. The mean (range) follow-up was 12.7 (2-36) months, with six children followed for> 2 years; all were asymptomatic, with imaging confirming improved hydronephrosis.

These mid-term results confirm that retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and feasible approach in children. Although the technique is very demanding it has the advantage of duplicating the principles of the open approach. The long operative duration and high conversion rate might be reduced with experience. Before expanding this approach to younger children, refinements in the anastomotic technique are needed.