Gastroenteritis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea
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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: May 25, 2017
Abdul Jabbar1, Richard A Wright
1Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Digestive Health Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
Abstract:
Acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of emergency and office visits. This article reviews causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The incidence of antibiotic-associated colitis is increasing worldwide as a consequence of widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for various illnesses. The pathogenic organism, Clostridium difficile, produces two enterotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, that cause colonic mucosal inflammation. C. difficile infection presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic carriers to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis.
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