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Related Experiment Videos

Sequence variability during hypopharyngeal bolus transit.

Katherine A Kendall1, Rebecca J Leonard, Susan W McKenzie

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. katherine.kendall@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu

Dysphagia
|June 27, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Swallowing involves a sequence of events, but individual timing can vary, especially with smaller food or liquid amounts. Understanding this variability aids in assessing swallowing difficulties in patients with dysphagia.

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Area of Science:

  • Deglutition physiology
  • Swallowing biomechanics

Background:

  • The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is typically viewed as a reflexive, preprogrammed process.
  • Previous research established general event sequences based on average timing, but individual variability remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the normal sequence variability during the hypopharyngeal phase of deglutition.
  • To investigate how bolus size influences event sequencing in normal swallowing.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dynamic swallow studies from 60 healthy volunteers.
  • Evaluation of 12 specific two-event sequences across three different bolus sizes.

Main Results:

  • Variability was observed in most evaluated event sequences.

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  • Consistent sequences included: arytenoid elevation preceding upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening, UES opening before bolus arrival, larynx-to-hyoid approximation after UES opening onset, and pharyngeal constriction after maximal UES distension.
  • Increased variability was noted when swallowing smaller bolus sizes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Normal deglutition exhibits some degree of event sequence variability, particularly with smaller bolus volumes.
    • This variability may be a crucial factor in understanding and diagnosing dysphagia and impaired event coordination.