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Reduced-antigen combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (Boostrix)
Therese M Chapman1, Karen L Goa
1Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz
Insights
The reduced-antigen combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa) vaccine shows comparable pertussis antibody levels to monovalent pertussis vaccines. However, Td vaccines induced higher antitetanus antibodies than dTpa.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- The reduced-antigen combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (dTpa) is designed as a booster for individuals aged 4 years and older.
- Understanding its immunogenicity compared to existing vaccines is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the immunogenicity of the dTpa vaccine against pertussis antigens (PT, FHA, PRN) and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with control vaccines.
- To assess seroprotective antibody levels and common adverse reactions.
Main Methods:
- A single dose of dTpa was administered to individuals aged >= 4 years.
- Antibody levels against pertussis antigens, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid were measured.
- Serological response rates and local/general adverse reactions were recorded.
Main Results:
- dTpa elicited similar antibody levels against pertussis antigens compared to a monovalent pertussis booster (ap).
- Antibody levels against diphtheria toxoid were similar between dTpa and a reduced-antigen diphtheria-tetanus (Td) vaccine.
- Antitetanus antibody levels were significantly higher in Td recipients than in dTpa recipients.
- High percentages of recipients achieved seroprotective levels for diphtheria and tetanus antibodies with both dTpa and Td vaccines.
- Common adverse reactions for dTpa included local pain, redness, swelling, and general fatigue, headache, and fever.
Conclusions:
- The dTpa vaccine is immunogenic for pertussis antigens, comparable to monovalent pertussis vaccines.
- While dTpa provides protection against diphtheria, Td vaccines induce a stronger tetanus antibody response.
- dTpa is generally well-tolerated, with expected local and systemic adverse reactions.
Abstract:
The reduced-antigen combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (dTpa) is intended for use as a booster dose in individuals aged > or =4 years. A single dose of dTpa elicited generally similar levels of antibodies against pertussis antigens (pertussis toxoid [PT], filamentous haemagglutinin [FHA] and pertactin [PRN]) as a similar monovalent pertussis booster vaccine (ap) in adolescents or adults, irrespective of their prevaccination serological status or vaccination history. Levels of antibodies directed against diphtheria toxoid were similar in recipients of dTpa or a licensed reduced-antigen combined diphtheria-tetanus booster vaccine (Td). However, levels of antitetanus antibodies were significantly higher in recipients of Td vaccines compared with those receiving dTpa. Similar serological response rates were observed for anti-PT, -FHA and -PRN between those receiving dTpa or ap and a similar high percentage of recipients of dTpa and the Td vaccines had seroprotective levels of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. The most frequently reported local adverse reactions following immunisation with dTpa included pain, redness and swelling; general symptoms included fatigue, headache and fever.