Analysis of naphthalenesulfonate compounds by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis with sample stacking

This study systematically investigates the optimal conditions for analyzing the positional isomers of multi-charged naphthalenesulfonate compounds by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE). Specifically, this work employs large-volume sample injection with the electrode polarity switching technique. The most effective separation and sample stacking conditions were 15 mM borate buffer with a mixture of beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin (concentration ratio 3:7 mM) at pH 9.2, and the sample hydrodynamic injection of up to 60 s at 3 p.s.i. (around 1.8 microl, and 1 p.s.i. = 6.9 kPa). Significantly selective and sensitive improvements were observed and a more than 100-fold enrichment was achieved (based on peak area). The reproducibility of migration time and quantitative results of stacking CE can be improved by using an internal standard. The quantitation limits of these naphthalenesulfonate isomers, based on a signal-to-noise ratio above 10, can be about 4 microg/l with UV detection. This method was successfully applied to determine the trace amount of naphthalenesulfonate isomers in a spiked drinking water sample.