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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

Southern Blot

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...

Labeling DNA Probes

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries

Published on: August 12, 2019

DNA hybridization using "bead-array": probe-attached beads arrayed in a capillary in a predetermined order.

Y Kohara¹, H Noda, K Okano

¹Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan.

Nucleic Acids Research. Supplement (2001)

|July 3, 2003

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel DNA analysis device, the Bead-Array, for rapid and cost-effective DNA hybridization. This technology significantly accelerates analysis time compared to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Diagnostics
Microfluidics

Background:

Traditional DNA microarray technology faces challenges with high costs and long analysis times.
There is a need for faster, more accessible DNA analysis methods, especially for diagnostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate a new DNA analysis device, the Bead-Array.
To demonstrate the Bead-Array's capability for rapid DNA hybridization.
To compare the performance of Bead-Array technology against conventional bead-in-tube methods.

Main Methods:

Development of the Bead-Array device featuring DNA-probe-attached beads (100 microns) arrayed in a capillary.
Conducting DNA hybridization experiments using 18-mer DNA probes and targets.
Comparing hybridization kinetics between the Bead-Array and beads in tubes.

Main Results:

Bead-Array technology enables mass production for diverse probe combinations.
The device utilizes small reaction volumes and sample flows for accelerated hybridization.
Hybridization in Bead-Arrays was over 100 times faster, reaching plateau in under three minutes.

Conclusions:

The Bead-Array device offers a significant improvement in DNA hybridization speed.
Its features make it suitable for high-speed, disposable diagnostic devices.
This technology addresses the limitations of current DNA microarray systems.