Introduction: the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Metabolic Disorders
• Syndromic Diseases

Background:

• Emerging knowledge highlights interrelated metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
• The clustering of metabolic disorders in individuals at risk for CVD has led to the concept of metabolic cardiovascular syndrome (MCVS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize clinical and biochemical features of MCVS.
• To explore potential primary causal factors in MCVS development.
• To introduce the alternative name atherothrombogenic syndrome (ATS).

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and biochemical features of MCVS.
• Discussion of primary etiological factors: sympathetic overactivity, insulin resistance, and central obesity.
• Consideration of hemostatic system changes (hypercoagulability, hypofibrinolysis).

Main Results:

• MCVS is characterized by multiple interrelated biochemical changes.
• Chronic sympathetic overactivity, insulin resistance, and central obesity are identified as potential primary disorders.
• Hemostatic system alterations contribute to thrombosis and complications.

Conclusions:

• MCVS encompasses a complex interplay of metabolic and hemostatic factors.
• The syndrome may be termed atherothrombogenic syndrome (ATS) due to its thrombotic implications.
• Non-pharmacological treatments like diet and exercise are emphasized.