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Grape polyphenols decrease plasma triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation in the aorta of ovariectomized guinea

Tosca L Zern1, Kristy L West, Maria Luz Fernandez

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. tosca.zern@uconn.edu

The Journal of Nutrition
|July 4, 2003
PubMed
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Grape consumption significantly reduced triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol in ovariectomized guinea pigs. This dietary intervention may improve cholesterol metabolism and decrease aortic cholesterol accumulation.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Metabolic Studies

Background:

  • Ovariectomy in female guinea pigs serves as a model for menopausal women.
  • Menopause is associated with altered lipid profiles and increased cardiovascular risk.
  • Dietary interventions are crucial for managing metabolic changes during menopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of lyophilized grape preparation on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in an ovariectomized guinea pig model.
  • To determine if grape consumption influences cholesterol and triglyceride levels, hepatic cholesterol metabolism, and aortic cholesterol deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Female guinea pigs underwent ovariectomy and were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 10% lyophilized grape preparation for 12 weeks.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The grape preparation contained 90% simple carbohydrates, 4% protein, 6% dietary fiber, and 0.58% polyphenols.
  • Plasma lipid profiles, LDL particle composition, hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesteryl acyltransferase activity, and aortic cholesterol concentrations were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Grape diet intake led to significant reductions in plasma triglycerides (39%) and VLDL cholesterol (50%) compared to controls.
    • LDL particles showed decreased triglycerides (58%) and phospholipids (30%).
    • Hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesteryl acyltransferase activity was reduced by 27%, and aortic cholesterol concentrations were 33% lower in the grape-fed group.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary grape supplementation in ovariectomized guinea pigs favorably alters hepatic cholesterol metabolism.
    • Grape intake may modulate VLDL secretion rates, contributing to reduced cholesterol accumulation in the aorta.
    • These findings suggest a potential cardioprotective role for grape consumption in postmenopausal models.