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Inhalation therapy for infants.

Mark L Everard1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK. meverard@sch.nhs.uk

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|July 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Delivering inhaled medications to infants is challenging, with patient behavior significantly impacting lung drug delivery. Optimizing device-patient interaction, like mask design, is crucial for effective infant aerosol therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Drug Delivery
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Infant aerosol therapy presents significant delivery challenges, often limiting demonstrated therapeutic benefits.
  • Pulmonary disease characteristics in infants differ from older populations, complicating drug delivery.
  • Current research often overemphasizes aerosol properties (size, airway geometry) over patient factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of patient behavior and device interaction in infant aerosol drug delivery.
  • To analyze factors influencing drug deposition in the infant respiratory tract.
  • To provide insights for improving the efficacy of inhaled therapies in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aerosol drug delivery in infants.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors affecting lung deposition, including patient behavior and device design.
  • Comparison of infant versus adult drug delivery parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • Infant drug delivery to the lungs is highly dependent on patient behavior, not just aerosol characteristics.
    • Distressed infants receive minimal drug doses to the lungs.
    • While nominal doses are low, lung dose per body weight in infants is comparable to or exceeds adults.
    • Nasal breathing in infants leads to greater upper airway deposition compared to adults.

    Conclusions:

    • Successful infant aerosol therapy hinges on optimizing patient-device interactions, particularly mask design.
    • Understanding infant breathing patterns and behavior is essential for effective drug delivery.
    • Despite challenges, lung drug delivery per kilogram in infants can be substantial, but upper airway deposition impacts therapeutic index.