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[Maternal insulin-dependent diabetes and congenital malformations in the newborn]
Insights
Infants born to mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes face a 4-8 times higher risk of congenital malformations (CM). Poor glycemic control and longer diabetes duration in mothers increase this risk, with heart defects being most common.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Medical Genetics
Context:
- Congenital malformations (CM) are a significant cause of infant mortality.
- Infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers (IDM) represent a high-risk population for CM.
- Previous research indicates a link between maternal diabetes and infant malformations.
Purpose:
- To determine the incidence and types of congenital malformations in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers.
- To quantify the increased risk of CM in the IDM population compared to the general newborn population.
- To identify risk factors associated with CM in IDM.
Summary:
- This study analyzed 14,325 newborns (1997-2000), including 157 IDM.
- The incidence of CM in IDM was found to be 4-8 times higher than in the general population.
- Congenital heart disease and polymalformation syndrome were the most frequent CM observed in IDM.
- Maternal diabetes duration and poor glycemic control before and during pregnancy were identified as key risk factors.
Impact:
- Highlights the critical need for enhanced prenatal care and glycemic management in diabetic pregnancies.
- Provides crucial data for public health initiatives aimed at reducing infant morbidity and mortality.
- Informs clinical practice regarding screening and management strategies for high-risk pregnancies.
Abstract:
Congenital malformations (CM) are one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality in infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers (IDM). The aim of the present study is to determinate the incidence and structure of CM in this high risk population. The study included 14,325 newborns born between 1997-2000. 157 of them were IDM. The incidence of CM in IDM is 4-8 times higher than in general newborn population. The most frequent CM are congenital heart disease and polimalformation syndrome. The duration of mothers insulin dependent diabetes and poor glycemic control before and during pregnancy increases the risk of CM.