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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Osteopontin: a bridge between bone and the immune system.

Ellen M Gravallese1

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 241, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. egravall@bidmc.harvard.edu

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|July 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Osteopontin

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis research
  • Immunology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Osteopontin's role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis is not fully understood.
  • Investigating molecular mechanisms of osteopontin in chronic inflammatory joint disease.

Discussion:

  • A novel antibody targeting the osteopontin epitope SLAYGLR shows therapeutic potential.
  • This antibody effectively blocks inflammatory cell infiltration in a murine arthritis model.
  • Highlights the specific epitope's critical function in RA-related inflammation.

Key Insights:

  • Specific osteopontin epitope (SLAYGLR) is a key mediator in arthritis.
  • Targeting this epitope with antibodies can inhibit joint inflammation.
  • Provides a potential new therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.

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Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
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Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Outlook:

  • Further research into antibody-based therapies for RA.
  • Exploring the broader implications of osteopontin epitope targeting in autoimmune diseases.
  • Developing targeted treatments to reduce chronic inflammation in joints.