Biosensors in clinical chemistry

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Sensor Technology

Background:

• Biosensors integrate biological recognition elements with physico-chemical transducers to detect chemical analytes.
• Sensing mechanisms involve binding or biocatalytic events, generating measurable property changes.
• These changes are converted into quantifiable electrical signals by the transducer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current applications of biosensors in clinical chemistry.
• To discuss basic and applied research, commercial uses, and fabrication techniques.
• To explore future trends in biosensor development.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on biosensor applications and technology.
• Analysis of recognition elements (enzymes, immunoagents, DNA segments) and transduction modes (electrochemical, optical).
• Examination of microfabrication techniques and lab-on-a-chip integration.

Main Results:

• Current biosensor applications in clinical chemistry are diverse, utilizing various recognition and transduction strategies.
• Enzymes, immunoagents, and DNA segments serve as key recognition elements.
• Electrochemical and optical transduction methods are commonly employed.

Conclusions:

• Future biosensors will incorporate synthetic recognition elements for wider analyte applicability.
• Advancements in microfabrication will enable biosensor arrays and lab-on-a-chip devices.
• Enhanced sensitivity and broader applicability are anticipated for future biosensing technologies.