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Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a teaching hospital
Suresh G Joshi1, Geeta M Litake, Krishnarao B Niphadkar
1Department of Clinical Microbiology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, University of Pune Affiliate, Rasta Peth, Pune-411 011, India. suresh_joshi@urmc.rochester.edu
Summary
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common hospital pathogen that is frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study found no single drug is suitable for empirical therapy due to widespread multidrug resistance.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Pharmacy
Background:
- Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen.
- It exhibits high rates of multidrug resistance (MDR), complicating patient treatment.
- Understanding its prevalence and resistance patterns is crucial for infection control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical specimens.
- To characterize the biotypes of A. baumannii isolates.
- To assess the in-vitro antibiotic resistance status and trends of A. baumannii.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 180 A. baumannii isolates from hospital clinical specimens.
- Evaluation of in-vitro activity of 29 antimicrobial agents.
- Monitoring of antibiotic resistance evolution over a two-year period (Nov 1996-Oct 1998).
Main Results:
- A. baumannii was most prevalent in wound exudates (32%) and urine (22%).
- Forty-six percent of isolates belonged to biotype 9.
- Over 75% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), and over 70% were beta-lactamase producers.
- Resistance increased for aztreonam (60%), imipenem (29%), and moxalactam (73%).
- Amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and imipenem showed continued, though declining, effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- No single antibiotic is effective for empirical treatment of A. baumannii infections.
- High rates of MDR and beta-lactamase production necessitate careful antibiotic selection.
- Continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance is essential for effective management of nosocomial infections.