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Related Experiment Videos

HLA and disease.

M Baines1, A Ebringer

  • 1Immunology Unit, King's College, Kensington, London, U.K.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 is linked to ankylosing spondylitis, potentially due to molecular mimicry with Klebsiella bacteria. This cross-tolerance hypothesis may explain other HLA antigen disease associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Rheumatology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens are crucial for immune response.
  • Diseases are associated with HLA class I, II, and III antigens, but mechanisms for class I and II remain unclear.
  • Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) serves as a model for studying HLA-linked diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diseases associated with HLA antigens.
  • To propose a general theory for HLA class I and II disease associations.
  • To explain the molecular mimicry hypothesis in HLA-linked diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of thirty diseases ranked by relative risk associated with HLA antigens.
  • Analysis of the association between HLA B27 and ankylosing spondylitis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of the cross-tolerance (molecular mimicry) model with the receptor model.

    • Main Results:

    • The cross-tolerance hypothesis suggests molecular mimicry between microbial antigens and HLA antigens.
    • Antibodies against Klebsiella may cross-react with HLA B27, causing autoimmune responses in AS.
    • This hypothesis offers a potential explanation for HLA class I and II disease associations and HLA polymorphism.

    Conclusions:

    • The cross-tolerance hypothesis provides a unifying theory for HLA-linked diseases.
    • Molecular mimicry between microbial and self-antigens is a plausible mechanism for autoimmune diseases.
    • This framework can explain HLA associations and polymorphism.