[Necessity and method of administering minerals in cattle feed]

The soil of cattle farms can differ markedly, thus making it impossible to guarantee that animals receive an adequate supply of minerals. Mineral deficits are expected first in animals grazing pastures on sand, peat and iron-rich clay soils. The quality of the rations can also differ, which underlies the necessity of mineral supplementation. Supplementation is especially necessary when fewer concentrates are given or when more single products are given. Different formulations are often needed on one farm, depending on the feed available and the needs of the animals. In general, too little attention is paid in practice to animals that are not given concentrates. There are different ways of meeting the requirements of the different groups. On the basis of a thorough investigation of farm practices and rations, it can be determined whether supplementation is necessary, and if necessary, how this can be best achieved cheaply and effectively.