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Polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

S Pukrittayakamee1, R Clemens, C Pramoolsinsap

  • 1Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Plasma polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase (PMN-elastase) levels are elevated in falciparum malaria patients. Higher PMN-elastase concentrations correlate with increased disease severity and organ dysfunction, suggesting its role in malaria pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Falciparum malaria is a severe infectious disease.
  • Lysosomal proteinases like polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase (PMN-elastase) are implicated in inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate plasma PMN-elastase concentrations in falciparum malaria patients.
  • To determine the relationship between PMN-elastase levels and disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 61 falciparum malaria patients categorized by severity.
  • Measurement of plasma PMN-elastase concentrations on admission and during hospitalization.
  • Correlation analysis with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Main Results:

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  • All severe malaria patients exhibited elevated PMN-elastase levels.
  • Elevated PMN-elastase was observed in moderate and mild malaria cases as well.
  • PMN-elastase levels correlated positively with disease severity markers (bilirubin, SGOT, parasite count, BUN) and inversely with protective factors (antithrombin III, platelet count).

Conclusions:

  • Polymorphonuclear leucocyte activation, indicated by elevated PMN-elastase, may contribute to severe falciparum malaria pathogenesis.
  • PMN-elastase levels serve as a potential biomarker for malaria severity.