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Updated: Sep 21, 2026
Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
[Analysis of autopsies in HIV infection]
Iu G Parkhomenko1, O A Tishkevich, V I Shakhgil'dian
1Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow.
Insights
Deaths from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection significantly increased from 1996, particularly among males aged 25-34. Opportunistic infections and tumors were common, with cytomegaloviral infections and tuberculosis being most frequent in those with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Context:
- Analysis of 321 necropsies from 1991-2001 at Clinical Infections Hospital N 2.
- Observed a significant rise in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection deaths starting in 1996.
- Highest mortality rates identified in males aged 25-34 years (40%).
Purpose:
- To analyze mortality trends and associated opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected individuals.
- To identify common opportunistic infections and neoplasms in deceased patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
- To characterize late-stage AIDS complications.
Summary:
- A notable increase in HIV-related deaths occurred from 1996 onwards.
- Common opportunistic diseases included cytomegaloviral infections (19%), tuberculosis (14%), Kaposi's sarcoma (10%), bacterial pneumonias (8%), and toxoplasmosis (7%).
- Late-stage AIDS presented with generalized opportunistic diseases, multiple severe infections, and increased neoplasms.
Impact:
- Highlights the critical impact of HIV/AIDS on mortality in a specific demographic.
- Provides data on the spectrum of opportunistic diseases prevalent in advanced HIV infection.
- Informs public health strategies and clinical management for HIV/AIDS patients.
Abstract:
The analysis of 321 necropsies made in Clinical Infections Hospital N 2 from 1991 to 2001 showed a significant increase in the number of deaths of HIV-infection beginning from 1996. The highest mortality (40%) was registered among males aged 25-34 years. The deceased had a wide spectrum of opportunistic diseases (infections and tumors). The deceased with AIDS most frequently had cytomegaloviral infections (19%), tuberculosis (14%), Kaposi's sarcoma (10%), bacterial pneumonias (8%), toxoplasmosis (7%). A late stage of AIDS was characterized by generalized opportunistic diseases, the presence of several severe infectious diseases and more frequent neoplasms.
