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Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth
Jill L Quarry-Horn1, Barbara J Evans, James R Kerrigan
1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising in children and adolescents. Early screening and healthy lifestyle education by school nurses are crucial for managing pediatric DM and preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Nursing Education
Background:
- Rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in US children and adolescents.
- Early recognition and intervention are key to delaying onset and preventing complications.
- School nurses play a vital role in identifying at-risk youth and promoting healthy habits.
Purpose of the Study:
- Provide an overview of type 2 DM in pediatric populations.
- Detail epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Highlight American Diabetes Association (ADA) screening guidelines for youth.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current research on pediatric type 2 DM.
- Analysis of ADA screening recommendations for early identification.
- Focus on the role of school nurses in health promotion and education.
Main Results:
- Type 2 DM incidence is increasing significantly in pediatric populations.
- Effective screening and early intervention strategies are available.
- School nurses are pivotal in implementing screening and lifestyle education programs.
Conclusions:
- Empowering school nurses with knowledge on pediatric type 2 DM is essential.
- Enhanced awareness and screening can mitigate the growing burden of childhood type 2 DM.
- Promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits is critical for prevention and management.