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Related Experiment Videos

Oxidative and nitrosative events in asthma.

Athena A Andreadis1, Stanley L Hazen, Suzy A A Comhair

  • 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|July 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative and nitrosative stress, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), are key drivers of airway inflammation in asthma. Reduced antioxidant defenses exacerbate this toxic environment, contributing to asthma severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Asthma impacts millions, causing significant healthcare utilization and mortality.
  • Airway inflammation is central to asthma's recurrent airflow limitation.
  • Proinflammatory mediators in asthma increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the link between ROS, NO, and airway inflammation.
  • To discuss the impact of antioxidant defense loss in asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular biology, chemistry, and cell biology research.
  • Analysis of data from human asthma studies and model systems.

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  • Examination of the role of specific enzymes like eosinophil peroxidase and myeloperoxidase.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased ROS and NO lead to reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation.
    • Oxidation and nitration of proteins alter function, contributing to airway injury.
    • Leukocyte enzymes amplify oxidative events; reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) impairs antioxidant defense.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxidative and nitrosative events are critical in acute and chronic asthma inflammation.
    • Imbalances in ROS/NO and antioxidant defenses create a toxic airway environment.
    • Understanding these pathways offers insights into asthma mechanisms and potential therapies.