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Thyroid hormone deiodinases: physiology and clinical disorders
Arturo Hernandez1, Donald L St Germain
1Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Arturo.Hernandez@Dartmouth.edu
Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|August 2, 2003
Summary
Thyroid hormone action relies on nuclear receptors. Deiodinases, a family of selenoproteins, regulate active thyroid hormone levels, impacting development and tissue function.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Developmental Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) binding to nuclear receptors regulates gene expression.
- Impaired thyroid hormone action during vertebrate development causes irreversible abnormalities.
- Deiodinases are selenoproteins that activate and inactivate thyroid hormones.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biochemistry, regulation, and physiological roles of deiodinases.
- To highlight the importance of deiodinases in controlling thyroid hormone availability.
- To understand the prereceptor regulation of thyroid hormone action.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on deiodinases.
- Analysis of biochemical characteristics and expression patterns of deiodinases.
- Discussion of the physiological significance of deiodinases in development.
Main Results:
- Deiodinases exhibit unique biochemical properties and tissue-specific expression.
- Deiodinase activity influences the concentration of active thyroid hormone.
- These enzymes play a critical role in regulating thyroid hormone action at a prereceptor level.
Conclusions:
- Deiodinases are crucial regulators of thyroid hormone action.
- Understanding deiodinases is key to comprehending developmental processes.
- Further research into deiodinase biochemistry and regulation is warranted.