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Decrease in peak heart rate with acute hypoxia in relation to sea level VO(2max).

Henri Benoit1, Thierry Busso, Josiane Castells

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie, Groupe PPEH-GIP-E2S, Faculté de Médecine Saint Etienne, Hôpital de Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds, Université Jean Monnet, Pavillon 12, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France. benoit@univ-st-etienne.fr

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|August 5, 2003
PubMed
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Lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during acute hypoxia significantly reduces maximal heart rate (HRpeak), especially in highly trained individuals. This effect is linked to both reduced inspired oxygen tension and training status, highlighting the impact of hypoxia on exercise performance.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Maximal heart rate (HRpeak) is a key indicator of exercise intensity.
  • Acute hypoxia, simulating high altitude, can impair exercise capacity.
  • The relationship between arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and HRpeak under hypoxic conditions requires further elucidation, particularly concerning training status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying levels of acute hypoxia on SaO2 and HRpeak during maximal exercise.
  • To determine if training status influences the relationship between SaO2 and HRpeak under hypoxic conditions.
  • To assess the occurrence and effect of exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) on HRpeak during hypoxic exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-six males were categorized into high, medium, and low maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) groups.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subjects performed maximal exercise tests under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (varying inspired oxygen tension, PIO2).
  • Measurements included VO2max, SaO2 (ear-oxymeter), and HRpeak; EIH was identified in normoxic conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant decreases in SaO2 and HRpeak were observed at PIO2 levels below 104 mmHg and 92 mmHg, respectively.
    • Lower SaO2 correlated with a greater reduction in HRpeak.
    • Highly trained individuals (GH group) exhibited lower SaO2 and greater reductions in VO2max, SaO2, and HRpeak under severe hypoxia (PIO2=70 mmHg) compared to other groups. Five subjects in the GH group experienced EIH, showing a more pronounced HRpeak decrement during hypoxic exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced SaO2 during acute hypoxia, influenced by both PIO2 and training status, is associated with a lower HRpeak.
    • Individuals with higher training levels may be more susceptible to SaO2 reduction and subsequent HRpeak decline under hypoxia.
    • EIH exacerbates the reduction in HRpeak during maximal exercise in hypoxic environments.