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Randomized trial with fruits and vegetables in prevention of cancer

Keyvan Tadjalli-Mehr1, Nikolaus Becker, Mati Rahu

  • 1German Cancer Research Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)
|August 6, 2003
PubMed

Insights

High fruit and vegetable intake may prevent cancer, but proving this is difficult. A large, long-term randomized trial in the Baltic countries could provide conclusive evidence for cancer prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diet, particularly fruit and vegetable consumption, is a major factor in cancer development.
  • Previous randomized chemoprevention trials have not confirmed the cancer-preventive effects of single fruit and vegetable ingredients.
  • Demonstrating the cancer-protective effect of high fruit and vegetable intake through traditional methods is considered impractical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of conducting a large-scale randomized trial on the cancer-preventive effects of high fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • To describe the nutritional landscape and healthcare system in the Baltic countries as suitable locations for such a trial.
  • To outline key design considerations for a randomized trial, including participant numbers, intervention duration, and follow-up periods.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a randomized trial design, considering the unique historical context and opportunities in Baltic countries.
  • It analyzes the nutritional situation and health system conditions in the Baltic region.
  • Basic design issues are addressed, including participant numbers (approx. 30,000), intervention duration (10 years), and follow-up (20 years).

Main Results:

  • The Baltic countries present a unique, time-limited opportunity for conducting a large-scale randomized cancer prevention trial.
  • Estimated annual costs for such a trial range from $5 to $10 million.
  • The projected costs are comparable to existing chemoprevention trials.

Conclusions:

  • A high intake of fruits and vegetables needs scientific validation as a cancer prevention tool.
  • The Baltic region offers a feasible setting for a large, long-term randomized trial to investigate the cancer-protective effects of fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • Such a trial is crucial for establishing evidence-based dietary recommendations for cancer prevention.

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