Hepatitis C: a review

Robert A Yoho1, Leonard L Cruz, Reza Mazaheri

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Martin Luther King Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Despite reduced acute infections, high prevalence of asymptomatic chronic HCV necessitates ongoing public health efforts and evolving screening guidelines.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV), identified in 1989, is a significant global health concern.
  • While blood donor screening reduced acute infections, high prevalence of asymptomatic chronic HCV persists.
  • Chronic HCV infection elevates risks for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extrahepatic manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current recommendations for Hepatitis C virus screening.
  • To emphasize the growing importance of early HCV diagnosis with advancing treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines and epidemiological data on Hepatitis C virus.
  • Analysis of the impact of screening on HCV incidence and prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Blood donor screening has decreased acute Hepatitis C virus infections.
  • Asymptomatic chronic infections maintain a high prevalence of Hepatitis C virus.
  • Evolving screening guidelines aim to improve early diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of Hepatitis C virus is increasingly vital due to effective new treatments.
  • Continued evolution of screening strategies is essential for managing the Hepatitis C virus burden.

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