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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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NMR study of a novel RNA quadruplex structure.

H Liu1, M Kanagawa, A Matsugami

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University.

Nucleic Acids Symposium Series
|August 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Researchers uncovered a novel dimeric multiplex architecture in an RNA oligomer (R14-2) using NMR. This unique structure involves parallel G-G steps, UUUU loops, and A-residue pairing, forming a complex hexad stacking arrangement.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Nucleic Acid Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • RNA oligomers play crucial roles in biological processes.
  • Understanding RNA structure is key to deciphering its function.
  • Specific sequences can adopt unusual structural motifs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the RNA oligomer r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) (R14-2).
  • To investigate the structural behavior of G-G steps separated by A and U residues.
  • To characterize the formation of higher-order RNA structures in the presence of potassium ions.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to determine the RNA structure.
  • Data analysis involved spectral assignment and structure calculation.

Main Results:

  • In the presence of 20 mM K+, two strands of R14-2 adopted a novel dimeric multiplex architecture.
  • Each strand featured a UUUU loop and two adenine residues connecting four parallel G-G steps.
  • These G-G steps pair-aligned into tetrads, with one tetrad further stabilized by adenine residues via a sheared mismatch, forming a novel hexad.
  • Two hexads from different strands stacked to create the dimeric multiplex.
  • All guanosine and adenosine residues adopted an anti conformation.

Conclusions:

  • The RNA oligomer R14-2 forms a unique dimeric multiplex structure stabilized by specific base pairings and stacking interactions.
  • The study reveals a novel RNA architecture driven by parallel G-G steps and adenine-mediated interactions.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of diverse RNA structural motifs and their formation mechanisms.