Salvage surgery after restorative proctocolectomy

Restorative proctocolectomy is now the elective surgical procedure of choice for most patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis. Complications may lead to failure, defined as removal of the reservoir with establishment of a permanent ileostomy or long-term diversion. Failure may be avoided for some patients by salvage surgery. The causes of failure are identified in this article and the procedures adopted to treat them are defined; a review of the literature was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the procedures.

Failure after restorative proctocolectomy results from complications, which may occur indefinitely during follow-up to a cumulative rate of about 15 per cent at 10-15 years. Sepsis accounts for over 50 per cent of these complications. Abdominal salvage procedures are successful in 20 to over 80 per cent of patients but the rate of salvage is dependent on the duration of follow-up, which might explain this variance. Local procedures are successful in 50-60 per cent of patients with pouch-vaginal fistula. Poor function accounts for about 30 per cent of failures. Abdominal salvage for outlet obstruction and low pouch capacitance results in satisfactory or acceptable function in up to 70 per cent of patients. There is no effective surgical salvage for pouchitis.

Salvage surgery must be discussed carefully with the patient, who should be made aware of the possible complications and the prospect of success, which is less than that in the general population of patients undergoing ileoanal pouch surgery.