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Carbohydrate supplementation and exercise-induced changes in T-lymphocyte function.

Katherine J Green1, Susan J Croaker, David G Rowbottom

  • 1School of Human Movement Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4057, Australia. kateG@qimr.edu.au

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 12, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise helps maintain T-lymphocyte function by reducing cell death, unlike a placebo. This effect appears independent of cortisol levels, supporting its role in immune response during physical activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Immunology
  • Sports Nutrition
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Exercise can decrease T-lymphocyte responses, potentially due to increased cell death.
  • Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion may mitigate exercise-induced immune perturbations, possibly by reducing cortisol.
  • Previous research indicated exercise increases T-lymphocyte (CD4 and CD8) cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if CHO ingestion attenuates the cortisol response to exercise.
  • To determine if CHO ingestion reduces exercise-associated alterations in T-lymphocyte cell death.
  • To investigate the impact of CHO versus placebo on T-lymphocyte function post-exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Six trained cyclists completed two 2.5-hour cycling trials at 85% ventilatory threshold.

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  • Trials were conducted under either a 6% CHO solution or placebo (Pl) condition.
  • Blood samples analyzed T-lymphocyte mitogen responses, cell division, expansion, mitosis, and cell death rates.

    • Main Results:

    • T-lymphocyte cellular expansion decreased post-exercise in the placebo group only.
    • Reduced expansion was linked to increased CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte cell death, not reduced mitosis.
    • CHO ingestion prevented exercise-induced reductions in cellular expansion and increases in cell death.

    Conclusions:

    • CHO ingestion during exercise preserves T-lymphocyte function by decreasing cell death in stimulated cultures.
    • The mechanism by which CHO ingestion benefits T-lymphocyte function appears independent of cortisol reduction.
    • Findings highlight CHO's role in mitigating exercise-induced immune impairments.