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The putative Arabidopsis arp2/3 complex controls leaf cell morphogenesis.

Shundai Li1, Laurent Blanchoin, Zhenbiao Yang

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

Plant Physiology
|August 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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The Arp2/3 complex in Arabidopsis regulates cell shape and growth by controlling actin organization. This study identifies plant Arp2/3 homologs and their role in cell morphogenesis and actin dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Biology
  • Molecular Plant Science
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • The Arp2/3 complex is crucial for actin nucleation and branching in eukaryotes.
  • Its function in multicellular organisms, particularly plants, remains largely unknown.
  • The existence and role of this complex in plants have not been previously determined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding Arp2/3 complex subunits.
  • To investigate the biological functions of the putative plant Arp2/3 complex.
  • To elucidate the role of the Arp2/3 complex in plant cell morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of Arabidopsis homologs for all seven Arp2/3 subunits.
  • Analysis of four homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants (arp2, arp3, arpc5/p16).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phenotypic analysis of mutant epidermal pavement cells and trichomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified Arabidopsis homologs for all seven Arp2/3 complex subunits.
    • Loss-of-function mutants exhibited defects in pavement cell lobe formation and trichome branching.
    • Mutations led to F-actin mislocalization and inhibited polar cell expansion.
    • Mutant trichomes showed stunted branches and enlarged stalks, indicative of depolarized growth.

    Conclusions:

    • The Arabidopsis Arp2/3 complex is essential for cell morphogenesis, including cell polarity establishment and polar cell expansion.
    • The complex plays a novel role in modulating the spatial distribution of cortical F-actin.
    • Evidence suggests the Arp2/3 complex activates actin filament polymerization in specific plant cell types.