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Related Experiment Videos

Multidimensional set switching.

Sowon Hahn1, George J Andersen, Arthur F Kramer

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-2007, USA. sowon@ou.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|August 19, 2003
PubMed
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This study investigated how the brain prepares for task switching. Findings suggest preparatory processes are serial when switches are predictable but overlap when switches are unpredictable, impacting reaction times.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Set switching involves cognitive control to disengage from a previous task and engage in a new one.
  • Switch costs, measured by increased reaction times, reflect the efficiency of these preparatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the organizational structure of preparatory processes during set switching.
  • To investigate how task set and response set switches interact and influence reaction times under different predictability conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed perceptual judgment tasks (color/shape discrimination) with varying task and response sets.
  • Switches occurred after 2-6 trials in blocked and randomized conditions with short (100ms) and long (800ms) preparatory intervals.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Task and response set switches had an additive effect on reaction times in the blocked condition, indicating serial preparation.
  • In the random condition with a brief interval, switches had an underadditive effect, suggesting overlapping preparation.

Conclusions:

  • Preparatory processes in set switching are organized serially when switch predictability is high.
  • Overlapping preparation occurs when switches are unpredictable and preparation time is limited, influencing strategic control.