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The link between upper and lower respiratory disease.

Berrylin Ferguson1, Angela Powell-Davis

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. bjferg@pitt.edu

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|August 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

The upper and lower airways are linked, with treatments for one often benefiting the other. Allergic rhinitis impacts lower airways, and treating it may prevent asthma development.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • The upper and lower airways share anatomical, physiological, and immunological connections.
  • Epidemiological data strongly suggest associated dysfunction between the upper and lower airways.
  • Therapeutic agents for one airway segment are frequently applied to the other.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the interconnectedness of the upper and lower airways.
  • To highlight recent research, particularly articles published within the last year, on this topic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies examining the upper and lower airway axis.
  • Analysis of therapeutic modalities used for both upper and lower airway conditions.
  • Synthesis of recent findings on the impact of upper airway conditions on lower airway diseases.

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Main Results:

  • Allergic rhinitis affecting the upper airway demonstrably impacts the lower airway.
  • Pharmacological treatment of allergic rhinitis has shown potential in preventing seasonal asthma.
  • Emerging evidence suggests single-agent allergy sensitization may prevent asthma development.
  • Data regarding the effect of sinus surgery on asthma severity remain conflicting.

Conclusions:

  • The close relationship between upper and lower airway diseases necessitates a holistic treatment approach.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the impact of interventions like sinus surgery on asthma.
  • Understanding the upper-lower airway axis is crucial for effective management of respiratory conditions.